Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction ......................................................................................... 1

Study Goals and Objectives........................................................................................................................... 1

Reasons for Doing the Study ......................................................................................................................... 1

Contribution of the Study and for Whom ..................................................................................................... 2

Scope of Report ............................................................................................................................................. 2

Methodology ................................................................................................................................................. 3

Information Sources ...................................................................................................................................... 3

Analyst's Credentials ..................................................................................................................................... 7

Related BCC Reports ..................................................................................................................................... 7

Chapter 2: Executive Summary .............................................................................. 9

Chapter 3: Overview ........................................................................................... 14

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 14

Market Potential ......................................................................................................................................... 16

Industry Growth Driving Forces .................................................................................................................. 18

Industry Growth Drivers ............................................................................................................................. 20

Demand for Theranostics Regime ........................................................................................................ 21

Image-Based Invasive and Noninvasive Procedures ............................................................................... 21

Increasing Prevalence of Chronic Diseases and Rising Investments ....................................................... 22

Drug Discovery and Other R&D Activities ............................................................................................... 24

Development of Multifunctional Reagent Capabilities ........................................................................... 24

Replacement of Toxic, Hazardous Detection Reagents with Safer Reagents ......................................... 25

Biological Imaging Reagents Industry ..................................................................................................... 26

Chapter 4: Biological Imaging Technologies ........................................................ 30

Imaging Reagent Types ............................................................................................................................... 30

In Vivo Imaging Modalities .......................................................................................................................... 32

Trends in In Vivo Imaging ............................................................................................................................ 35

Molecular Imaging ................................................................................................................................... 36

In Vitro Imaging/Detection ...................................................................................................................... 38

Biological Imaging Reagents Technologies ................................................................................................. 38

Nanoparticles .......................................................................................................................................... 38

Fluorescent Dyes and Probes .................................................................................................................. 42

Supermolecules ....................................................................................................................................... 51

Quantum Dots ......................................................................................................................................... 53

Radiopharmaceutical Imaging Reagents ................................................................................................. 57

Contrast Imaging Reagents ..................................................................................................................... 58

Emerging Classes of Imaging Reagents ....................................................................................................... 61

Components of Advanced Imaging Reagent Technology ........................................................................ 61

Advanced Imaging Reagent Functions .................................................................................................... 63

Comparison of Imaging Reagent Technology Platforms ............................................................................. 66

Chapter 5: Biological Imaging Reagents Applications ........................................... 71

Overview ..................................................................................................................................................... 71

Research and Development .................................................................................................................... 75

Drug Discovery and Development ........................................................................................................... 77

Diagnostics .............................................................................................................................................. 83

Chapter 6: Biological Imaging Reagents Industry Structure .................................. 89

Overview ..................................................................................................................................................... 89

Research and Development ........................................................................................................................ 93

Drug Discovery and Development .............................................................................................................. 95

Influence of Imaging Technology on Drug Development ........................................................................ 96

Attrition Rate of Lead Drug Compounds ................................................................................................. 97

Fluorescent Protein Applications in Drug Discovery ............................................................................... 98

In Vivo Small Animal Imaging Applications ............................................................................................. 98

Diagnostics ................................................................................................................................................ 101

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 101

Diagnostic Applications of Imaging Reagents ....................................................................................... 102

Molecular Imaging ................................................................................................................................. 104

Chapter 7: Competitive Landscape .................................................................... 107

Innovation Within the Imaging Reagent Industry ..................................................................................... 108

Strategic Alliances ..................................................................................................................................... 109

Industry Acquisitions ................................................................................................................................. 111

Medical Imaging Instrument Sector ...................................................................................................... 112

Fluorescent Dyes and Probes Industry Structure .................................................................................. 114

Quantum Dots Industry ......................................................................................................................... 115

Contrast Reagents Industry ................................................................................................................... 117

Radiopharmaceuticals Industry ............................................................................................................. 118

Radioactive Isotopes Supply .................................................................................................................. 121

Small Animal In Vivo Imaging Industry .................................................................................................. 122

Cardiac Imaging Industry ....................................................................................................................... 123

Radiopharmaceuticals for the Screening Market Segment Include Ablavar and Vasopet .................. 125

Prostate Cancer Imaging Industry ......................................................................................................... 126

Alzheimer's Disease PET Imaging Industry ............................................................................................ 127

Chapter 8: Biological Imaging Reagents Markets .............................................. 130

Growth Driving Forces .............................................................................................................................. 130

Market Overview ................................................................................................................................... 134

Chapter 9: Patent Status .................................................................................... 175

Chapter 10: Company Profiles ........................................................................... 202

About BCC Research ......................................................................................... 279

About BCC Research.................................................................................................................................. 280

BCC Membership ...................................................................................................................................... 280

BCC Custom Research ............................................................................................................................... 280

List of Tables

Summary Table Global Biological Imaging Reagents Market, by Modality, Through 2022 ($ Millions) ..... 10

Table 1 Global Biological Imaging Reagents Market, by Technology, Through 2022 ($ Millions) .............. 16

Table 2 Global Biological Imaging Reagents Market, by End User, Through 2022 ($ Millions) .................. 17

Table 3 Biological Imaging Reagents Growth Driving Forces ...................................................................... 18

Table 4 Current and Future Invasive and Noninvasive Imaging Technologies ........................................... 22

Table 5 Other Driving Factors ..................................................................................................................... 25

Table 6 Life Cycle Stage of Biological Imaging Reagents............................................................................. 25

Table 7 Key Biological Imaging Reagents Companies ................................................................................. 27

Table 8 Key Biological Imaging Reagent Types ........................................................................................... 30

Table 9 In Vivo Imaging Modalities ............................................................................................................. 32

Table 10 Comparison of In Vivo Imaging Modalities .................................................................................. 33

Table 11 Key Technology Drivers for In Vivo Imaging Reagents ................................................................. 35

Table 12 Applications of In Vitro Biological Imaging .................................................................................. 38

Table 13 Nanoparticles in Imaging Applications ......................................................................................... 40

Table 14 Fluorescent Dyes and Probes ....................................................................................................... 42

Table 15 General Advantages of Fluorescence Labels ................................................................................ 43

Table 16 Fluorescent Dye Performance Criteria ......................................................................................... 44

Table 17 Types of Fluorescent Proteins ...................................................................................................... 46

Table 18 Photoactivable and Photoconvertible Fluorescent Protein Types ............................................... 48

Table 19 Emerging Applications of Fluorescent Proteins ........................................................................... 49

Table 20 Fluorescent Proteins Versus Dyes ................................................................................................ 50

Table 21 Technology Challenges for Fluorescent Proteins ......................................................................... 50

Table 22 Classification of Imaging Supermolecules .................................................................................... 51

Table 23 Comparison of Quantum Dots, Fluorescent Dyes and Fluorescent Proteins ............................... 53

Table 24 Biological Imaging Applications of Quantum Dots ....................................................................... 56

Table 25 Microbubble Ultrasound Imaging Agents .................................................................................... 59

Table 26 Emerging Advanced Biological Imaging Reagent Functions ......................................................... 63

Table 27 Life Cycle of Biological Imaging Reagent Technologies ................................................................ 66

Table 28 Technology Status of Biological Imaging Reagent Platforms ....................................................... 67

Table 29 Technology Challenges for In Vivo Imaging Reagents .................................................................. 68

Table 30 Biological Imaging Reagents Applications .................................................................................... 71

Table 31 Significance of Biological Imaging Reagents to Life Sciences and Medical Industries ................. 72

Table 32 Use of Biological Imaging Reagents, by Market Segment ............................................................ 73

Table 33 Applications Within Market Segments ......................................................................................... 74

Table 34 R&D Tools Imaging Reagents ....................................................................................................... 75

Table 35 Emerging Applications for Biological Imaging Reagents in R&D Tools ........................................ 76

Table 36 Imaging Applications in Drug Discovery and Development ......................................................... 77

Table 37 Comparison of Small Animal Imaging Modalities ........................................................................ 81

Table 38 Outstanding Market Needs for Small Animal Imaging ................................................................. 82

Table 39 Diagnostics Imaging Reagents Applications ................................................................................. 83

Table 40 Diagnostic Applications of Selected Imaging Reagents ................................................................ 84

Table 41 Clinical Applications of In Vivo Molecular Imaging ...................................................................... 87

Table 42 Biological Imaging Reagents Applications .................................................................................... 89

Table 43 Significance of Biological Imaging Reagents to the Life Sciences and Medical Industries .......... 90

Table 44 Use of Biological Imaging Reagents, by Market Segment ............................................................ 91

Table 45 Applications Within Market Segments ......................................................................................... 92

Table 46 R&D Tools Imaging Reagents ....................................................................................................... 93

Table 47 Emerging Applications for Biological Imaging Reagents in R&D Tools ........................................ 94

Table 48 Imaging Applications in Drug Discovery and Development ......................................................... 95

Table 49 Comparison of Small Animal Imaging Modalities ........................................................................ 99

Table 50 Outstanding Market Needs for Small Animal Imaging ............................................................... 100

Table 51 Diagnostics Imaging Reagents Applications ............................................................................... 101

Table 52 Diagnostic Applications of Selected Imaging Reagents .............................................................. 102

Table 53 Clinical Applications for In Vivo Molecular Imaging ................................................................... 105

Table 54 Recent FDA Approvals in the Biological Imaging Reagent Industry ........................................... 107

Table 55 Biological Imaging Reagent Strategic Alliances, 2010–2017* .................................................... 109

Table 56 Biological Imaging Reagents Industry Acquisitions, 2010–2017* .............................................. 111

Table 57 Competitive Focus of Major Medical Imaging Companies ........................................................ 113

Table 58 Fluorescent Imaging Reagents Competitors .............................................................................. 114

Table 59 Quantum Dot Competitors......................................................................................................... 116

Table 60 Contrast Agents Key Competitors .............................................................................................. 117

Table 61 Global Imaging Radiopharmaceuticals Companies .................................................................... 118

Table 62 Radiopharmaceuticals Biotechnology Companies ..................................................................... 120

Table 63 Small Animals In Vivo Functional Imaging Reagent Competitors .............................................. 122

Table 64 Cardiac Imaging Reagent Competitive Space ............................................................................. 123

Table 65 Prostate Cancer Imaging Agent Competition ............................................................................. 126

Table 66 Alzheimer’s Disease PET Imaging Agent Competitive Space ..................................................... 127

Table 67 Biological Imaging Reagents Growth Driving Forces .................................................................. 130

Table 68 Global Biological Imaging Reagents Market, by Application, Through 2022 ($ Millions) .......... 134

Table 69 Global Biological Imaging Reagents Market, by Technology, Through 2022 ($ Million) ........... 135

Table 70 Global Biological Imaging Reagents Market, by End Use, Through 2022 ($ Millions) ............... 137

Table 71 Global Biological Imaging Reagents Market, by End User, Through 2022 ($ Millions) .............. 138

Table 72 Global Biological Reagents Market, by Modality, Through 2022 ($ Millions) ............................ 139

Table 73 Global Contrast Reagents Market, by Modality, Through 2022 ($ Millions) ............................. 140

Table 74 Global MRI Contrast Reagents Market, by Type, Through 2022 ($ Millions) ............................ 141

Table 75 Global Gd-Chelate MRI Contrast Reagents Market, by Product, Through 2022 ($ Millions) .... 142

Table 76 Key Brands of Gadolinium‐Based Contrast Reagents Worldwide .............................................. 143

Table 77 Global Non-Gd Chelate MRI Contrast Reagents Market, Through 2022 ($ Millions) ................ 144

Table 78 Global MRI Contrast Reagents Market, by Procedure, Through 2022 ($ Millions).................... 145

Table 79 Global X-Ray/CT Reagents Market, by Type, Through 2022 ($ Millions) ................................... 148

Table 80 Global X-Ray/CT Reagents Market, by Indication, Through 2022 ($ Millions) ........................... 149

Table 81 Global Radiopharmaceuticals Imaging Reagents Market, by Scanner Type, Through 2022 ($ Millions) .................................................................................................................................................... 150

Table 82 Global Radiopharmaceuticals Imaging Reagents Market, by Isotope, Through 2022 ($ Millions) .................................................................................................................................................................. 151

Table 83 Global Radiopharmaceuticals Imaging Reagents Market, by Indication, Through 2022 ($ Millions) .................................................................................................................................................... 153

Table 84 Global Radiopharmaceuticals Imaging Reagents Market, by Technology, Through 2022 ($ Millions) .................................................................................................................................................... 155

Table 85 Global SPECT Imaging Reagents Market, by Isotope, Through 2022 ($ Millions) ...................... 156

Table 86 Half-Life of Common PET and SPECT Isotopes ........................................................................... 157

Table 87 Sentinel Node Detection Radiopharmaceuticals Producers ...................................................... 158

Table 88 Global SPECT Imaging Reagents Market, by Technology, Through 2022 ($ Millions) ............... 159

Table 89 Global PET Imaging Reagents Market, by Isotope, Through 2022 ($ Millions) .......................... 160

Table 90 Global PET Imaging Reagents Market, by Indication, Through 2022 ($ Millions) ...................... 161

Table 91 Global PET Imaging Reagents Market, by Technology, Through 2022 ($ Millions) ................... 163

Table 92 Global Optical Fluorescent Imaging Reagents Market, by Application, Through 2022 ($ Millions) .................................................................................................................................................................. 164

Table 93 Global In Vitro Optical Fluorescent Imaging Reagents Market, by Assay Type, Through 2022 ($ Millions) .................................................................................................................................................... 165

Table 94 Global Genomics In Vitro Optical Fluorescent Imaging Reagents Market, by Assay Type, Through 2022 ($ Millions) ......................................................................................................................... 167

Table 95 Global Proteomics In Vitro Optical Fluorescent Imaging Reagents Market, by Assay Type, Through 2022 ($ Millions) ......................................................................................................................... 168

Table 96 Global Cellular Analysis In Vitro Optical Fluorescent Imaging Reagents Market, by Assay Type, Through 2022 ($ Millions) ......................................................................................................................... 169

Table 97 Global Optical Fluorescent Imaging Reagents Market, by End Use, Through 2022 ($ Millions) 169

Table 98 Global In Vitro Optical Imaging Reagents Market, by Type, Through 2022 ($ Millions) ............ 171

Table 99 Global Biological Imaging Reagents Market, by Region, Through 2022 ($ Millions) ................. 172

Table 100 U.S. Patents on Imaging Reagents Through 2017 .................................................................... 175

Table 101 European Patents on Imaging Reagents, Through 2017 .......................................................... 182

Table 102 Japanese Patents on Imaging Reagents, Through 2017 ........................................................... 189

Table 103 Affibody Alliances ..................................................................................................................... 206

Table 104 FluoroPharma PET Imaging Reagent Pipeline .......................................................................... 238

Table 105 Kereos Imaging Reagents Pipeline ........................................................................................... 247

Table 106 Molecular Insight Imaging Reagents Pipeline .......................................................................... 255

Table 107 Lymph Node Status .................................................................................................................. 259

List of Figures

Summary Figure Global Biological Imaging Reagents Market, by Modality, 2016–2022 ($ Millions) ........ 11

Figure 1 Factors Impacting the Growth of the Biological Imaging Reagents Market, 2016 and 2023 ...... 20

Figure 2 Current and Forecast Venture Capitalist Investment in the U.S. and European Medical Device Sectors, 2014–2018 ($ Billions) ................................................................................................................... 23

Figure 3 Forecast Investment in Drug Development and Research Spending, by Pharmaceutical Company, 2014–2020 ($ Billions) ............................................................................................................... 24

Figure 4 Quantum Dot Spectra (Intensity) (Arb units, nm) ......................................................................... 54

Figure 5 Fluorescent Dye Spectra (Arb units, nm) ...................................................................................... 54

Figure 6 Three Components of Advanced Imaging Reagent Technology ................................................... 62

Figure 7 Attrition Rate of Drug Candidates During Drug Development ..................................................... 79

Figure 8 Global Geriatric Population (65+), 2015 and 2020 (Millions) ..................................................... 132

Figure 9 Global R&D Spending in Nanotechnology, 2013–2015 ($ Billions) ............................................. 136

Figure 10 Worldwide Prevalence of Alzheimer’s, 2015, 2030 and 2050 (Millions) .................................. 152

Figure 11 Number of New Cancer Cases Found in North America by Country, 2016 .............................. 154

Figure 12 Number of People Impacted by Disability Adjusted Life Year Due to Alzheimer’s Disease, 2005-2030 (Thousands) ...................................................................................................................................... 163